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ObjectiveTo construct an evaluation index system for the development of district-level disease prevention and control centers according to the requirements of the modernization of Shanghai’s disease control system and public health work practices， and to comprehensively assess the construction and development of district-level disease prevention and control institutions. MethodsAccording to the national and municipal requirements for the development of disease prevention and control institutions， an index framework was proposed through literature search and expert interviews. 39 representative experts in the field of public health at the national， provincial， and municipal （district） levels were selected to participate in the consultation and construction of the index system. The authority coefficient， the coefficient of variation， etc. were used to carry out quality control and determination of each index on the Delphi method. ResultsThe questionnaire response rate was 100%， the expert authority coefficient was 0.86，the degree of familiarity was 0.79， and the judgment basis was 0.92. The coefficients of variation of the necessary indicators in the index system were all <0.25 in the dimension of importance， and there were statistical differences in the statistical test of Kendall’s W coordination coefficients at all levels and dimensions （all P<0.001）. After multiple rounds of consultation， experts reached a consensus， forming a development evaluation index system of district-level CDCs with 6 first-level indicators， 24 second-level indicators， and 105 third-level indicators （including 63 necessary indicators and 42 recommended indicators）. ConclusionThe evaluation index system of Shanghai district-level CDCs based on the Delphi method has good authority， reliability， sensitivity and operability. This indicator system can effectively support the development of Shanghai district-level CDCs， and can be used for evaluation at multiple levels and in an all-round way in the future. The evaluation results can provide an evidence-based basis for the modernization of the disease prevention and control system and the continuous and dynamic updating of the development goals in the future.
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Respiratory infectious diseases (RID) are the major public health problems threatening the people's lives and health.Infection control (IC) is one of the effective tools to contain the occurrence and spread of RID.We collected the articles and data on IC published since January 1,2018 and summarized the achievements,problems,and challenges of IC from administrative control,management control,environment and engineering control,and personal protection in the medical institutions and public places in China.The efforts for IC vary in different regions and medical institutions of different levels.There are still links to be improved for IC from administrative control,management control,environment and engineering control,and personal protection,especially in community-level medical institutions and public areas.It is urgent to strengthen the implementation of IC policies and conduct IC precisely according to local situations.We proposed the following suggestions.First,the existing IC products and tools should be applied to precisely implement the IC measures;second,modern high technology should be employed to develop efficient and convenient IC products and tools;finally,a digital or intelligent IC platform should be built for monitoring infections,so as to contain the occurrence and spread of RID.
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Humans , COVID-19 , Infection Control , Communicable Diseases , China/epidemiologyABSTRACT
Background Grassroots center for disease control and prevention (CDC) staff undertake intensive work of disease prevention and control, and may be susceptible to occupational stress, anxiety, depression, and other health problems. Objective To understand the current situation of occupational stress, anxiety, and depression among grassroots CDC staff, and to identify potential risk factor configurations for occupational stress, anxiety, and depression using fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA), so as to provide a basis for effective intervention. Methods The staff working in county/district-level CDCs in Hebei Province were the target population of the current study. Stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 1860 staff members of the target population. A questionnaire of general situation, Job Content Scale, 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale, and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 were used. Risk factor configurations associated with health outcomes of interest were identified by fsQCA3.0 software. Results The positive rates of occupational stress, anxiety, and depression were 42.69%, 44.25%, and 47.96%, respectively. Marital status was a necessary condition for occupational stress, anxiety, and depression in the grassroots CDC staff (the necessity values were 0.911, 0.939, and 0.933, respectively). There were two types of risk factor configurations for occupational stress: "self-improvement" and "disease burden"; the risk factor configurations for anxiety were "disease burden" and "economic-disease burden"; while the risk factor configurations for depression were "disease burden", "economic-disease burden", and "self-improvement". The overall consistency scores of occupational stress, anxiety, and depression were 0.941, 0.820, and 0.774, respectively. Regarding outstanding components, "self-improvement" included pressure of job requirements and promotion, "disease burden" included impact of chronic illness on psychological state, and "economic-disease burden" included not only impact of chronic illness but also financial support for CDC staff. Conclusion All positive rates of occupational stress, anxiety, and depression are high among grassroots CDC staff in Hebei Province. Occupational stress, anxiety, and depression of grassroots CDC staff are the results of multiple influencing factors, so targeted intervention measures should be formulated.
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Objective@#To investigate the level of chronic disease prevention and control literacy and its influencing factors among residents in Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into formulating health education strategies on chronic diseases. @*Methods@#A total of 32 313 permanent residents at ages of 15 to 69 years were sampled in Taizhou City using the multi-stage stratified random sampling method and probability proportionate to size sampling method (PPS). Subjects' demographic characteristics and chronic disease prevention and control literacy were collected using the national health literacy surveillance questionnaire. The levels of chronic disease prevention and control literacy from 2017 to 2022 were evaluated and standardized by the population data provided by Taizhou Municipal Bureau of Statistics. Factors affecting the chronic disease prevention and control literacy were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. @*Results@#Totally 32 313 questionnaires were distributed, and 32 258 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 99.83%. The median age of participants was 51.00 (interquartile range, 19.00) years. There were 15 754 men (48.84%) and 16 504 women (51.16%), and 11 060 urban residents (34.29%) and 21 198 rural residents (65.71%). Farmer was the predominant occupation (16 003 residents, 49.61%). The level of chronic disease prevention and control literacy among residents in Taizhou City was 32.97%, which was 22.58%, 26.41%, 33.48%, 34.44%, 38.53% and 39.68% from 2017 to 2022, respectively, showing an upward trend (P<0.05) with a cumulative growth rate of 17.10%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age (15 to 24 years, OR=1.566, 95%CI: 1.309-1.874; 25 to 34 years, OR=1.345, 95%CI: 1.173-1.542; 35 to 44 years, OR=1.482, 95%CI: 1.311-1.675; 45 to 54 years, OR=1.203, 95%CI: 1.078-1.343), educational level (primary school, OR=1.728, 95%CI: 1.546-1.932; junior high school, OR=2.211, 95%CI: 1.977-2.472; high school/vocational high school/technical secondary school, OR=3.368, 95%CI: 2.972-3.817; college or above, OR=7.271, 95%CI: 6.313-8.373), occupation (farmer, OR=0.739, 95%CI: 0.663-0.825; others, OR=0.778, 95%CI: 0.694-0.872), place of residence (urban areas, OR=0.903, 95%CI: 0.852-0.956) and annual household income (30 000 to 49 999 Yuan, OR=1.138, 95%CI: 1.030-1.259; 50 000 to 99 999 Yuan, OR=1.239, 95%CI: 1.143-1.342; 100 000 to 199 999 Yuan, OR=1.445, 95%CI: 1.334-1.566; 200 000 Yuan and above, OR=1.803, 95%CI: 1.629-1.997) were influencing factors for chronic disease prevention and control literacy. @* Conclusions @#The level of chronic disease prevention and control literacy among residents in Taizhou City shows an upward trend from 2017 to 2022, with age, educational level, occupation, place of residence and annual household income as the influencing factors.
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Chronic noncommunicable diseases are heavily burdened in China. In recent years, the digital health has developed rapidly in the medical and health industry, which provides new ways for the prevention, control and management of chronic diseases. The application of digital health includes the electronic health records, remote diagnosis and treatment, monitoring and management of the health status, the development of digital medicine and the digital medical insurance. This article reviews the connotation of digital health and its main applications in the prevention, control and management of chronic diseases, and also discusses the future directions and challenges of digital health.
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Background The COVID-19 pandemic hints at the importance of modernizing disease control system. To understand the scientific research strength of our country's disease control system in recent years is conducive to formulating more targeted policies or measures to promote the modernization of the disease control system. Objective To understand the scientific research strength and research hotspots of China's provincial-level centers for disease control and prevention (CDCs) from 2011 to 2020, and provide evidence for the development of scientific research work, discipline construction, and talent team construction in CDCs in the future. Methods The Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) and Social Science Citation Index (SSCI) of the Web of Science Core Collection were used to retrieve SCI-indexed English papers published by 31 provincial CDCs (excluding Taiwan Province, Hong Kong and Macau Special Administrative Regions) in our country from 2011 to 2020, and to screen literature with provincial CDCs as the first affiliation for bibliometric analysis and visual analysis. Bibliometric analysis included the SCI-indexed publications of different provincial CDCs (as co-affiliation and the first affiliation), the number of SCI-indexed papers published by provincial CDCs (as the first affiliation) and funding rates by years, the high-frequency authors of SCI-indexed papers published by provincial CDCs (as the first affiliation) and their distribution, and the characteristics of the journals. Visual analysis software Citespace 5.8.R1 was used to draw keyword co-occurrence maps, cluster information tables, and emergence maps to provide information on research hotspots and their evolution. Results From 2011 to 2020, the number of SCI-indexed papers from 31 provincial CDCs was 8420 (including co-affiliation), of which 2060 papers listed provincial CDCs as the first affiliation. The provincial CDCs of Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Shanghai, Beijing, Shandong, and Guangdong were the leading six institutes in terms of the total number of SCI-indexed papers contributed as co-affiliation or the first affiliation. There was a large gap in the total number of SCI-indexed papers among the provincial CDCs. The highest total number of SCI-indexed papers contributed by provincial CDCs as the first affiliation was Zhejiang CDC (448 papers), while the lowest number was Xinjiang CDC (only 1 paper). From 2011 to 2020, the total number of SCI-indexed papers contributed by the 31 provincial CDCs as the first affiliation showed an overall increasing trend. Except for 2011, which was 63.1%, the funding rates in other years exceeded 70%. In terms of high-frequency authors, 13 first authors published ≥10 SCI-indexed papers: Zhang Yingxiu from Shandong CDC had the highest number of SCI-indexed papers (47), followed by Hu Yu from Zhejiang CDC. Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Beijing, Guangdong, Shanghai, and Shandong still ranked the top six of ≥4 first authored-SCI papers. In terms of journal characteristics, the top 20 journals with the highest number of SCI papers published a total of 862 papers, accounting for 41.8% (862/2060), and PLOS ONE ranked the first (188 papers). The research hotspots were mainly concentrated in the fields of infection, child health, and epidemiology. The main keywords of the first three cluster categories were related to the research fields of adolescent overweight and obesity, HIV, and vaccine immunity. The results of keyword emergence showed that research hotspots shifted from overweight, obesity, and body mass index to antibodies, vaccines/vaccination, and cohorts. Conclusion The past ten years have witnessed increasing numbers of SCI-indexed papers published by provincial CDCs in our country and a stubbornly high funding rate. However, the gap among the provincial CDCs is still large seeing that economically developed eastern provincial CDCs published more SCI-indexed papers. Research hotspots have gradually shifted from overweight, obesity, and body mass index to antibodies, vaccines/vaccination, and cohorts.
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Background Occupational stress and depressive symptoms of disease prevention and control personnel are serious. Objective To investigate the relationship between occupational stress, psychological capital, and depressive symptoms of disease prevention and control personnel, and analyze the potential mediating effect of psychological capital on the relationship between occupational stress and depressive symptoms. Methods From July to September 2020, a cluster random sampling method was used to select 2201 employees from 21 centers for disease control and prevention as study subjects covering all levels of administrative divisions in Jiangsu Province. A total of 2036 valid questionnaires were collected with a recovery rate of 92.5%. The Core Occupational Stress Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire, and Psychological Capital Questionnaire were used to investigate their occupational stress, depressive symptoms, and psychological capital. Stratified regression analysis was used to explore the effects of occupational stress and psychological capital on depressive symptoms. A mediating effect model was used to analyze and verify the potential mediating effect of psychological capital on the relationship between occupational stress and depressive symptoms. Results The total scores in M (P25, P75) of occupational stress, depressive symptoms, and psychological capital in the target population were 42.0 (37.0, 48.0), 8.0 (4.0, 9.0), and 4.6 (4.0, 5.0) respectively. The positive rate of occupational stress was 31.0% (631/2036), and the positive rate of depressive symptoms was 22.0% (448/2036). The dimensional scores of organization and reward, and demand and effort of occupational stress were positively correlated with the total score of depressive symptoms [Spearman correlation coefficients (rs) were 0.371 and 0.269, P<0.05]. The dimensional scores of social support and autonomy of occupational stress and the score of psychological capital were negatively correlated with the total score of depressive symptoms (rs=−0.373, −0.112, −0.494, P<0.05). The organization and reward, and demand and effort had positive effects on depressive symptoms (b=0.188, 0.177, P<0.05), while social support and autonomy had negative effects on depressive symptoms (b=−0.290, −0.078, P<0.05), and associated with a 22.5% increase of explanatory variance. Psychological capital had a negative effect on depressive symptoms (b=−0.368, P<0.05), and associated with an 11.0% increase of explanatory variance. Psychological capital had mediating effects on the associations of social support, organization and reward, and autonomy with depressive symptoms, and the mediating effect values were −0.210 (95%CI: −0.253-−0.171), 0.096 (95%CI: 0.071-0.122), and −0.164 (95%CI: −0.229-−0.103), respectively. The corresponding mediating effect percentages were 40.23%, 26.97%, and 45.56%, respectively. Conclusion Occupational stress of disease prevention and control personnel can directly affect depressive symptoms, but also indirectly through psychological capital. Psychological capital plays a partial mediating role in the associations of social support, organization and reward, and autonomy of occupational stress with depressive symptoms. The occurrence of depressive symptoms can be reduced by decreasing occupational stress and increasing psychological capital.
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Abstract： Objective To analyze the first epidemic spread of the novel coronavirus Delta variant in China based on public security forensic perspective, investigate its transmission characteristics, contributing factors, and epidemiologic research experience, and provide a reference for the prevention and control of the epidemic caused by the novel coronavirus variant. Methods Based on the information that public security forensic experts obtained from front-line epidemiologic research, the gender, age, place of residence, transmission route and infectivity of the coronavirus disease 2019 （COVID-19） confirmed cases, asymptomatic infected persons and their close contacts in Guangzhou caused by the novel coronavirus Delta variant were analyzed. The basic reproduction number （R0） during this epidemic in Guangzhou was calculated. Results Among the 153 cases infected with novel coronavirus Delta variant in the epidemic, 63 cases were male and 90 cases were female, their age ranging from 1 to 92 years, with a median age of 49 years. The main route of transmission was close contact, including dining together, co-living, and close contact in the same residential building. There were 31 cases of family clusters, 25 of which were in Liwan District. The epidemic lasted from May 26 to May 29, and the R0 remained above 4.0. After May 30, R0 began to decline and remained below 1.0 from June 7. Conclusion The novel coronavirus Delta variant is highly infectious, the crowd is generally susceptible to infection and family cluster cases are easy to occur. So, it is necessary to precisely prevent and control this strain. Public security forensic experts have both medical literacy and criminal investigation capabilities, they can play a more professional role in epidemic prevention and control.
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Adolescent , Adult , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , COVID-19 , China/epidemiology , Epidemics , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
Objective To collect and summarize the opinions of experts on the improvement of China's disease prevention and control system published in the public media, so as to provide reference for the relevant construction planning of the government. Methods: Articles were collected from January to May, 2020, which were published on Chinese mainstream media. Based on the analysis of literature and the basic characteristics of experts, Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to summarize the construction points of experts in different construction fields. Results: A total of 19 opinion articles were finally included in the study and 29 experts were involved. The suggestions of experts on the construction of China's disease prevention and control system were summarized into four aspects. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic is a challenge to the existing public health epidemic prevention and control system in China, and also an important opportunity for the development and construction of the related system.
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It is a major public health task to promote the construction of modern disease prevention and control system in the prevention and control of the novel coronavirus pneumonia epidemic. In this study, we identified the current situation and challenges in the construction of disease prevention and control system in Shanghai, including the infrastructures, disciplines, human resources, information system, operational mechanism, and legalization. It is proposed that we should promote the construction of modern disease prevention and control system in Shanghai, which is aimed to improve the capacity in the disease prevention and control services, response to the major epidemics and public health emergencies, and scientific research in public health, in accordance with municipal functional orientation large-scale metropolitan public health security requirements in Shanghai. Moreover, we should promote policy-making, including upgrading infrastructures, facilitating discipline construction and scientific research innovation, optimizing development environment for human resources, accelerating comprehensive information construction, improving systems and mechanisms, and strengthening legal governance.
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The critical period for the prevention and control of novel coronavirus pneumonia (NCP) in China, in response to requirements for accelerating the modernization of the disease prevention and control system, we analyzed and summarized the current situation, existing problems, and deficiencies in China′s modernization of disease prevention and control system. In addition, we put forward the contents and countermeasures for the modernization of the disease prevention and control system. The modernization of the disease prevention and control system should be built around governance modernization, talent modernization, equipment modernization, scientific research modernization, and modernization of the regulatory system. The countermeasures and suggestions need to reposition the disease prevention and control system, rationalize the management system and operating mechanism, strengthen the modernization of talents and equipment, strengthen scientific research on disease prevention and control, and further improve the disease prevention and control legal system.
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Objective@#To propose the concept of a novel regional control and prevention (RCP) system for the outbreak of COVID-19 infectious disease, design an emergency epidemic prevention information system based on the existing network architecture and information system in the region, and a remote intelligent medical consultation and remote office platform, research and develop the technology of risk assessment and early warning for people in the region, and improve the regions’prevention and control ability facing emergency of major infectious diseases.@*Methods@#Taking colleges, affiliated (teaching) hospitals, and cloud applications as typical RCP regional units, the existing local area network interaction methods between the cloud and universities and affiliated (teaching) hospitals are established to realize remote work in the network environment, remote medical imaging, psychological and ethical consultation and interaction; applying multi-agent propagation model based on complex network, combining Global Positioning System (GPS), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), and electronic fence technology, to realize the risk classification and early warning of units and personnel in the area.@*Results@#In the RCP, a system architecture combining campus network, affiliated (teaching) hospital intranet, and the Internet is used. Dynamic connection is made using distributed technology and cloud storage. The data buffer mechanism of the intermediary database in the network realized telemedicine consultation and telecommuting. Relying on the platform, multi-agent propagation model based on complex network and cellular automaton model are used to realize the score and early warning of population exposure risk in the region by using GPS, RFID and electronic fence technology.@*Conclusions@#In the epidemic phase of major infectious diseases, the construction of RCP can improve the response speed of wartime epidemic prevention, provide reasonable data-based warnings and risk ratings, and reduce the exposure risk of susceptible people. The design and development of RCP is a systematic project that needs to combine regional structural and functional characteristics, and the foundation of the early informatization work in the region and the level of the emergency development team determine the development progress, maintenance, and actual application effects. It is recommended to establish a peacetime and wartime combined RCP mode and incorporate it into the government's disease control system to improve the national and regional level of prevention and control of major infectious diseases.
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The center of disease prevention and control (CDC) is an emergency agency with semi-militarized management.It serves like scouts and commandos in handling various public health emergencies, and CDC members are in close contact with pathogens and harmful substances.Due to different nature of public emergencies such as prevention and control of infectious diseases, chemical poisoning, occupational poisoning, natural disasters and food safety accidents, the response measures of CDC emergency team are also different.In handling epidemic emergencies, there are different special requirement for the supplies, including equipment and consumables, used in sampling, disinfection, laboratory tests, and personal protection as well as vaccines and drugs.Therefore, it is necessary to establish a unified modern emergency supply system in CDC at levels of state, provinces, cities and counties.Internet of things + technology will be used to establish a set of intelligent platform for emergency material support in disease prevention and control institutions based on centralized management, combinational use in both peacetime and wartime, and unity and high efficiency.Setting up such an emergency material reserve would not only ensure quick response in emergency but also achieve mobility, cost saving and high efficiency.Combining big data, blockchain technology and smart city construction, we will integrate emergency material support for disease prevention and control in different institutions into the national unified emergency material support system which would ensure that disease prevention and control institutions can effectively handle major public health emergencies.
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OBJECTIVE: To analyze the current situation and influencing factors of occupational stress among employees of disease control and prevention system in Beijing City. METHODS: A total of 903 employees from 7 centers for disease control and prevention(CDC) in Beijing City were selected as the research subjects using typical sampling method. The Job Demand-Control(JDC) Questionnaire and the Effort-Reward Imbalance(ERI) Questionnaire were used to evaluate and analyze the occupational stress and its influencing factors based on the JDC model and ERI model. RESULTS: The detection rate of high occupational stress in JDC model and ERI model were 54.5%(492/903) and 22.5%(203/903) respectively. The detection rate of high occupational stress in JDC model was higher than that in ERI model(P<0.01). Based on the JDC model, the multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the lower the personal monthly income, the higher the risk of occupational stress of CDC employees(P<0.01). The risk of those in administrative position was higher than those in non-administrative position(P<0.01). The risk of employees with more than 10 years of service length was higher than those with less than 10 years of service length(P<0.01). The employees with longer weekly working hours had the higher risk(P<0.01). Based on the ERI model, the risk of occupational stress of CDC employees in the administrative position was higher than that of non-administrative position(P<0.05). The risk of professional technical post and work skill post were higher than that of management post(all P<0.05). The risk of employee with more than 10 years of service length was higher than that of less than 10 years(P<0.05). The longer weekly working hours had higher risk(P<0.01). CONCLUSION: The occupational stress of the JDC model is the main occupational stress model in Beijing CDC system. The main influencing factors include monthly income, position, service length and weekly working hours. The main factors of occupational stress in ERI model include position, post, service length and weekly working hours.
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Objective@#To explore the establishment of an evaluation indicator system for disease prevention and control workload at public hospitals, based on the current situation of disease prevention and control work undertaken by public hospitals of and above secondary level in Beijing, and to provide evaluation assistance for them to do better in this regard.@*Methods@#This research was based on our pervious study of the current situation description of disease prevention and control work undertaken by public hospitals in Beijing, by which the contents of routine disease prevention and control work at hospitals have been initially established. The unit strength of each work was consulted, and the disease prevention and control work was classified according to the results. Meanwhile the consistency test of the work intensity within the category was carried out. After integration, the classification and evaluation indicator of disease prevention and control work in public hospitals of and above secondary level in Beijing was finally established.@*Results@#The workload evaluation indicator system was divided into eight parts: report work, report quality control work, monitoring work, training work, work of public health related clinical diagnosis and treatment, work of clinical examination and vaccination, work of sampling and testing and public health related consultation work. The work intensity of each category ranged from 4.78 to 7.34.@*Conclusions@#The evaluation indicator system of workload is suitable for the evaluation of basic works. The unified transformation of workload by using the value of work intensity is conducive to management evaluation, but the limitation of the indicators exists in time and region, making it necessary to adjust by the local specific situation at the promotion and application level.
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Objective@#To investigate the implementation of disease prevention and control services at tertiary public general hospitals in Beijing for providing evidences to explore and build a scientific evaluation model of disease control service in medical institutions.@*Methods@#June to September 2018, through a questionnaire survey of 50 tertiary public general hospitals in Beijing, a descriptive analysis was made on the department setting, personnel allocation and service provision status of disease prevention and control at tertiary public general hospitals in Beijing.@*Results@#Among the 44 investigated public tertiary general hospitals, 26(59.1%) medical institutions have set up departments of disease prevention and control. The average staffing of 44 hospitals was 5.8 persons for the department. Professional composition of the staff was mostly nursing and clinical disciplines, and the academic and professional titles were mostly undergraduate and intermediate degrees respectively. Overall performance of disease prevention and control services in public tertiary general hospitals was satisfactory. The work was well carried out in communicable disease control and death-surveillance management, namely in immunoprophylaxis, chronic noncommunicable diseases and injury monitoring, which varies widely in mental health services, occupational health management, environmental and health monitoring and other functions.@*Conclusions@#Professional ability and management level of personnel still need to be improved. We should further clarify the joint prevention and control mechanism of the " Three-in-one" nature of disease control institutions, medical institutions and communities, promote the combination of medical treatment and prevention, and explore the classification and grading evaluation of disease control work based on the types and quantity requirements of disease prevention and control services undertaken by hospitals, so as to effectively improve the level of disease control services in hospitals.
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Objective To explore the establishment of an evaluation indicator system for disease prevention and control workload at public hospitals, based on the current situation of disease prevention and control work undertaken by public hospitals of and above secondary level in Beijing, and to provide evaluation assistance for them to do better in this regard.Methods This research was based on our pervious study of the current situation description of disease prevention and control work undertaken by public hospitals in Beijing, by which the contents of routine disease prevention and control work at hospitals have been initially established. The unit strength of each work was consulted, and the disease prevention and control work was classified according to the results. Meanwhile the consistency test of the work intensity within the category was carried out. After integration, the classification and evaluation indicator of disease prevention and control work in public hospitals of and above secondary level in Beijing was finally established. Results The workload evaluation indicator system was divided into eight parts:report work, report quality control work, monitoring work, training work, work of public health related clinical diagnosis and treatment, work of clinical examination and vaccination, work of sampling and testing and public health related consultation work. The work intensity of each category ranged from 4.78 to 7.34. Conclusions The evaluation indicator system of workload is suitable for the evaluation of basic works. The unified transformation of workload by using the value of work intensity is conducive to management evaluation, but the limitation of the indicators exists in time and region, making it necessary to adjust by the local specific situation at the promotion and application level.
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Objective To investigate the implementation of disease prevention and control services at tertiary public general hospitals in Beijing for providing evidences to explore and build a scientific evaluation model of disease control service in medical institutions. Methods June to September 2018, through a questionnaire survey of 50 tertiary public general hospitals in Beijing, a descriptive analysis was made on the department setting, personnel allocation and service provision status of disease prevention and control at tertiary public general hospitals in Beijing. Results Among the 44 investigated public tertiary general hospitals, 26 ( 59.1% ) medical institutions have set up departments of disease prevention and control. The average staffing of 44 hospitals was 5.8 persons for the department. Professional composition of the staff was mostly nursing and clinical disciplines, and the academic and professional titles were mostly undergraduate and intermediate degrees respectively. Overall performance of disease prevention and control services in public tertiary general hospitals was satisfactory. The work was well carried out in communicable disease control and death-surveillance management, namely in immunoprophylaxis, chronic noncommunicable diseases and injury monitoring, which varies widely in mental health services, occupational health management, environmental and health monitoring and other functions. Conclusions Professional ability and management level of personnel still need to be improved. We should further clarify the joint prevention and control mechanism of the " Three-in-one" nature of disease control institutions, medical institutions and communities, promote the combination of medical treatment and prevention, and explore the classification and grading evaluation of disease control work based on the types and quantity requirements of disease prevention and control services undertaken by hospitals, so as to effectively improve the level of disease control services in hospitals.
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OBJECTIVE: To explore the mediating effect of psychological capital on occupational stress and job satisfaction in disease prevention and control personnel. METHODS: A cluster random sampling method was used to select 541 stuffs of the center of disease control( CDC) as the research subjects from Zhumadian City in Henan Province. The Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire, Pychological Capital Questionnaire and Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire were used to investigate occupational stress,psychological capital and job satisfaction. RESULTS: The total scores of occupational stress,psychological capital and job satisfaction in the CDC staff were( 65. 9 ± 7. 3),( 100. 3 ± 14. 1),and( 70. 7 ± 13. 0),respectively. Both contribution and internal input were negatively correlated with job satisfaction( r were-0. 397 and-0. 158,P < 0. 05). Reward,self-efficacy,hope,tenacity and optimism were positively correlated with job satisfaction( r were 0. 210,0. 245,0. 485,0. 309 and 0. 332,P < 0. 05). The intermediary role of psychological capital between occupational stress and job satisfaction was-0. 10,accounting for 23. 2% of the total effect. CONCLUSION: Psychological capital plays a partial negative mediating role between occupational stress and job satisfaction.